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Additional Resources

Written by cinci on . Posted in Unit 4: Economics.

Ohioana Library Economics Resources

  • Art as Image: Prints and Promotion in Cincinnati, Ohio by Alice M. Cornell (Ohio Univ. Press, 2001). Describes the early printing and engraving trade in Cincinnati, and includes images of advertising/promotional materials; see also http://digitalprojects.libraries.uc.edu/ArtAsImage/.
  • The Authentic History of Cincinnati Chili by Dann Woellert (The History Press, 2013).
  • Cincinnati Silver 1788-1940 by Amy Miller Dehan (Cincinnati Art Museum/J. Giles Ltd, 2014).
  • Graeter’s Ice Cream: An Irresistible History by Robin Davis Heigel (The History Press, 2010).
  • Wurlitzer of Cincinnati by Mark Palkovic (Arcadia Publishing, 2015).
  • Cincinnati: From River City to Highway Metropolis by David Stradling (Arcadia Publishing, 2003).
  • Cincinnati’s Findlay Market: A Photographic Journey, Past and Present by Don Nesbitt (Edgecliff Press, 2008).
  • Cincinnati’s Historic Findlay Market by Liz Tilton (Arcadia Publishing, 2009).
  • The Cincinnati Subway: History of Rapid Transit by Allen J. Singer (Arcadia Publishing, 2003).

Economics Resources

General Resources

  • National Register of Historic Districts in Cincinnati – The City of Cincinnati has 28 separate districts listed in the National Register. http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/planning/historic-conservation/national-register-historic-districts/
  • Museums & Historic Sites of Greater Cincinnati – http://historicgreatercincinnati.org/
  • Cincinnati USA.com – Cincinnati USA.com is the official travel guide of Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky. It contains an array or pictures from the Greater Cincinnati area, ideas for trips around the area, as well as an up to date calendar of events. http://cincinnatiusa.com/
  • Cincinnati Museum Center – This website provides information about the city of Union Terminal prior being re-purposed as a museum. It also has information about the current exhibits, ticket pricing and resources. https://www.cincymuseum.org/union-terminal
  • Cincinnati History Library and Archives – The Cincinnati History Library and Archives has been collecting and preserving materials relating to the Greater Cincinnati area since 1831 and contains photographs, manuscripts, and many more digital resources. http://library.cincymuseum.org/
  • Pinterest – This website has a number of lesson plans, activities and resources related to 3rd grade social studies. https://www.pinterest.com/tracyhunt1/third-grade-social-studies/
  • Ohio Memory – This digital library is the result of a collaboration project between The Ohio History Connection and The State Library of Ohio. It contains collections from more than 360 cultural heritage institutions from all of Ohio’s 88 counties. http://www.ohiomemory.org/
  • Ohio History Central – Ohio History Central is an online encyclopedia that includes information about Ohio’s natural history, prehistory, and history. It is researched and written by staff at The Ohio History Connection. http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Welcome_To_Ohio_History_Central
  • Library of Congress – The Library of Congress is the nation’s oldest federal cultural institution and serves as the research arm of Congress. It is also the largest library in the world with millions of books, recordings, photographs, maps and manuscripts. https://www.loc.gov/
  • Novels
    • Miller, Zane L. Visions of Place: The City, Neighborhoods, Suburbs, and Cincinnati’s Clifton, 1850-2000. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 2001. Print.
    • Cayton, Andrew R. L. Ohio: The History of a People. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 2002. Print.
    • Hurt, R. Douglas. The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720-1830. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1996. Print.

Kroger

Written by cinci on . Posted in Primary Sources.

TEACHERS
The Kroger that many of us have come to know today was founded in 1883 when Barney Kroger invested his life savings to open a grocery store at 66 Pearl Street in Cincinnati, Ohio. At the time, when he opened this store, his life savings only consisted of $372. Over the next 132 years, the supermarket has become well known in 34 different states becoming a nationwide retailer. Kroger is on the list of world’s largest retailers. For additional information about Kroger visit: http://www.thekrogerco.com/about-kroger/history-of-kroger

Courtesy of the Ohio State Archives series 937 AV

This is a photo of one of the original Kroger stores in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Student Questions:

  • Why do you think the advertisement is for tea and coffee?
  • Why would Kroger be a grocery store and a baking company? Why are grocery stores today no longer advertised as both a baking company and grocery store?

Union Terminal Station

Written by cinci on . Posted in Primary Sources.

TEACHERS
This photograph was taken around 1934 and shows Union Terminal Station which was completed in 1933 and cost $41 million to build. With the decline of the railroad industry the building was closed down in the 1970’s. However, in 1990 the building was re-opened as what is known today as the Cincinnati Museum Center. For more information about Union Terminal Station visit: http://www.cincymuseum.org/union-terminal

Courtesy of the Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-61272

Union Terminal Station was built to accommodate the many railroads that ran through the city of Cincinnati. During its busiest time, Union Terminal had 216 trains per day traveling through its station and was built to hold 17,000 passengers.

Student Questions:

  • Why is this titled, “Terminal Station” instead of its current name?
  • What is a terminal? Why was this significant to the history of Cincinnati?
  • What is different about this location today?

Cincinnati Riverboat

Written by cinci on . Posted in Primary Sources.

TEACHERS
This photograph was published by the Detroit Publishing Company and was taken around 1906. Much of Cincinnati’s growth in the early 1800’s was due to its riverboats and the city’s location on the river. The Vesta, built in 1816, was the first steamboat to be built in Cincinnati at Fulton shipyards. The Zebulon Pike, also built in Cincinnati, was the first vessel designed exclusively for passenger service, the first official mail carrier and the first steamboat to travel to St. Louis. In 1820, the journey from Cincinnati to St. Louis lasted eight days and cost $25. By 1852 over 8,000 landings were recorded in Cincinnati, singling the peak of the steamboat trade. In the early 1870’s, in an effort to compete with the railroad, boats owners turned their steamboats into ‘floating palaces’. Some of the finest boats were built in Cincinnati, including the Natchez captained by Thomas Leathers.

Courtesy of the Library of Congress, LC-DIG-det-4a13300

This photograph shows a riverboat passing under one of Cincinnati’s suspension bridges.

Student Questions:

  • What bridge is shown in the picture? How do you know?
  • What changes have occurred to the riverfront since the picture was taken?
  • Why were riverboats so important to cities like Cincinnati?

Cincinnati Railroad Advertisement

Written by cinci on . Posted in Primary Sources.

TEACHERS
This railroad advertisement was created in St Louis and published in 1857. The Little Miami Railroad was one of Ohio’s most important early railroads. It was only the second railroad built in Ohio. The state legislature granted the Little Miami Railroad Company a charter in March 1836. The purpose was to connect the city of Cincinnati to Springfield. The company financed the railroad’s construction through money from both the state government and local governments. The city of Cincinnati also provided financial support for the construction of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad in 1854. The people of Cincinnati hoped that the new railroad would encourage economic growth in the region. Today, many railroad companies have sold their tracks to various municipalities. Cities such as Cincinnati and Newark have converted these former railroad tracks into bike paths and walking trails. This holds true for the Little Miami Railroad which has been turned into a recreational bike path known as the Little Miami Scenic Trail. For additional information about railroads in Ohio visit: http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Railroads

Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Broadsides, leaflets, and pamphlets from America and Europe, Portfolio 86, folder 4

In 1836 the Little Miami Railroad became the first railroad company to serve the City of Cincinnati. This railroad provided Ohioans with a quicker means to transport goods at cheaper rates to the West.

Student Questions:

  • Why was the railroad so important to Cincinnati (and other cities) during this time period?
  • Look at the schedule: What stops did the New York and Erie RR make? How often did the Hudson/NYCRR leave? From where did they leave?
  • Today there are not many trains that run through Cincinnati. What can you tell about trains in Cincinnati in 1857?

Pork Packing Industry

Written by cinci on . Posted in Primary Sources.

TEACHERS
This is a chomolithograph published in 1873 by Ehrgott & Krebs. During the nineteenth century, many Ohioans earned their livelihood through meatpacking. Cincinnati emerged as one of the major meatpacking centers of the United States. By the middle of the 1800’s, the city was known as “Porkopolis,” due to meatpacking’s importance to Cincinnati’s economy. The Ohio River, the National Road, the Miami and Erie Canal, and railroads all provided Cincinnati residents with quick and easy access to markets. In 1887, meatpacking was the second largest business in Cincinnati behind iron production. It brought more than 23.5 million dollars to the City’s economy that year. For additional information on the meatpacking industry in Cincinnati visit: http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Meatpacking?rec=1547 – http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/02/18/when-hogs-ruled.html

Courtesy of the Library of congress, LC-DIG-pga-03169

This Print shows the various stages of a packing house including: killing, cutting, rendering and salting.

Student Questions:

  • Where do you think the people in the last picture (bottom right) are?
  • Why was pork important to Cincinnati? (research may be needed)
  • Where did the pigs come from?
  • Does this type of industry still exist in Cincinnati today?

Ault and Wiborg CO. Advertisement

Written by cinci on . Posted in Primary Sources.

TEACHERS
This advertisement for the Ault & Wiborg Company was created by Louis Rhead and printed in 1896. It reads “William Caxton made his own ink, but you can have yours made by the Ault & Wiborg Co.”. The Ault & Wiborg Company Was established in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1878 by Levi Addison Ault and Frank Bestow Wiborg, a Cleveland native. Levi Addison Ault was known as the “Father of Cincinnati Parks” and donated 204 acres of land to the city to create what is now known as Ault Park. For additional information on the Ault & Wiborg Co. visit: http://www.colorantshistory.org/AultWiborg.html – http://abandonedonline.net/locations/industry/ault-and-wiborg-company/

Courtesy of the Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-105018

The Ault & Wiborg Co. was a manufacturer of printing inks and dry color dyes and pigments. They are known for two innovations, the use of coal-tar dyes to produce brightly colored inks and the development of lithography. Lithography is a method of printing from a flat surface, such as a smooth stone or a metal plate that has been prepared with grease so that the ink will only stick to the design you want to print.

Student Questions:

  • Who was William Caxton? Conduct research to find out.
  • Why was it important to have a company making ink during this time period?
  • What does the clothing worn by the men tell you about the time period?
  • Why was printing so important to this time period?
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